Benefits deriving from the actual use of the environment. Anglers, hunters, boaters, nature walkers, bird watchers, etc. Use the environment and derive benefits. If we lose a species in the wild, such as the Bengal tiger, very few of us will have our welfare directly affected by not being able to see it, photograph it or hear it. That "use value" is very small. But many people will lose the option to do that in the future, should they care to. Economists call that "option value." Further, many people around the world derive some benefit just from knowing that Bengal tigers exist in the wild. That is "existence value.".