Sound waves that bounce or reflect off room boundaries and objects reaching a listener a relatively long time after the direct signal from the sound source reaches the listener. Compared to early reflections, which closely follow the original direct signal, late reflections lag far behind. ate reflections can be distracting arriving so late after an initial sound. They tend to create a sense of spaciousness or an echoing sound. ate reflections can be tamed in a listening environment through “room tuning” if desired. Room tuning is essentially optimizing a given space for the audio that will be produced in it. Room boundaries such as walls and ceilings can be covered in sound absorbing materials, bookshelves can be placed to break up sounds, reflective floors can be covered in rugs, etc.