Audio component used to play back sound from a record by means of a stylus that tracks the grooves in the record and creates an electrical signal from them as the record spins at a constant speed. The phonograph consists of a turntable, a tone arm, a cartridge and a stylus. he turntable is the base of the device. It features a spinning disc that the record rests on. The disc spins at a constant speed or velocity moving the record around in relation to the tone arm. The tone arm is a balanced rod or shaft that connects to the turntable at one end and to the cartridge on the other. The cartridge holds the stylus and generates electrical signals as the stylus moves in relation to it. The stylus is a small, needle-shaped rod that rides in the grooves of a record. nside the record grooves are hills and valleys that mimic the hills and valleys of the audio signal. The stylus or needle sits in the grooves and rides over the hills and valleys. As the record rotates, it moves the grooves past the stylus so that it can read a continuous signal. The stylus moves up and down with the grooves in relation to the cartridge. Within the cartridge, there is a magnet and a coil of wire. One is attached to the stylus and one is attached to the cartridge itself. As the stylus moves up and down it generates an electric signal in the coil from the movement through the magnet’s magnetic field. The signal is an analog audio waveform that can be sent through an audio system and amplified to drive speakers.