(Also Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) A type of associative learning. These associations are formed by pairing two stimuli–what Ivan Pavlov described as the learning of conditioned behaviour– to condition an animal to give a certain response. The simplest form of classical conditioning is reminiscent of what Aristotle would have called the law of contiguity which states that: “When two things commonly occur together, the appearance of one will bring the other to mind.”