The terms and conditions of most bills of lading release transportation providers from liability for loss or damage arising from:
- an act of God,
- a public enemy,
- the authority of law or
- the act or default of the shipper.

In addition, except in the case of negligence, a transportation provider will not be liable for loss, damage, or delay caused by:
- the property being stopped and held in transit at the request of the shipper, owner or party entitled to make such request;
- lack of capacity of a highway, bridge or ferry;
- a defect or vice in the property; or
- riots or strikes.