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Glossary

Neuroscience

Neurobiology glossary.

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, computer science and mathematical modeling to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits. The understanding of the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness has been described by Eric Kandel as the "ultimate challenge" of the biological sciences.

Topics Anatomy Biology Science

Terms listing

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C

c-fos CA1 CA3 cadherins calcarine sulcus cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)cAMP response elements (CREs)carotid bodies catecholamine cauda equina caudal caudate nucleus cell adhesion molecules central nervous system central pattern generator central sulcus cerebellar ataxia cerebellar cortex cerebellar peduncles cerebellum cerebral aqueduct cerebral cortex cerebral peduncles cerebrocerebellum cerebrospinal fluid cerebrum chemical synapses chemoaffinity (chemoaffinity hypothesis)chemotaxis chemotropism chimera cholinergic chorea choreoathetosis choroid plexus chromosome ciliary body cingulate cortex cingulate gyrus cingulate sulcus circadian rhythms circle of Willis cisterns class climbing fibers clone co-transmitters cochlea cognition collapsin colliculi competition concha conduction aphasia conduction velocity conductive hearing loss cone opsins cones congenital adrenal hyperplasia conjugate conspecific contralateral contralateral neglect syndrome contrast convergence cornea coronal corpus callosum corpus striatum cortex cortico-cortical connections corticospinal tract cranial nerve ganglia cranial nerve nuclei cranial nerves CREB crista critical period cuneate nuclei cupulae cytoarchitectonic areas

K

kinocilium Korsakoff’s syndrome

P

Pacinian corpuscle Papez’s circuit paracrine parallel fibers paralysis paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)parasympathetic nervous system paresis parietal lobe Parkinson’s disease parvocellular passive current flow patch clamp periaqueductal gray matter perilymph perineurium peripheral nervous system permissive phasic phenotype phenotypic sex phospholipase A2A phospholipase CA photopic vision phylogeny phylum pia mater pigment epithelium pineal gland pinna pituitary gland placebo planum temporale plasticity polarity polymodal polyneuronal innervation pons pontine-geniculate-occipital (PGO) waves pontine relay nuclei pore pore loop post-tetanic potentiation (PTP)postcentral gyrus posterior postganglionic postsynaptic postsynaptic current (PSC)postsynaptic potential (PSP)pre-proproteins precentral gyrus prefrontal cortex preganglionic premotor cortex presynaptic pretectum prevertebral (prevertebral ganglia)primary auditory cortex primary motor cortex primary neuron primary sensory cortex primary visual cortex primary visual pathway (retinogenticulocortical pathway)primate priming primitive pit primitive streak procedural memory production aphasia promoter proprioceptors proproteins prosencephalon prosody (adjective, prosodic)prosopagnosia proteoglycan proximal psychotropic pulvinar pupil pupillary light reflex Purkinje cell putamen pyramidal tract pyriform cortex

S

saccades sacculus sagittal saltatory conduction Scarpa’s ganglion Schaffer collaterals Schwann cells sclera scotoma scotopic second-order neurons segment segmentation semaphorins semicircular canals sensitization sensorineural hearing loss sensory sensory aphasia sensory ganglia sensory system sensory transduction serotonin sexually dimorphic short-term memory silver stain size principle sleep spindles small molecule neurotransmitters smooth pursuit eye movements soma (somata)somatic cells somatic sensory cortex somatic sensory system somatotopic maps somites species specificity spina bifida spinal cord spinal ganglia spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus spinal shock spinal trigeminal tract spinocerebellum spinothalamic pathway spinothalamic tract split-brain patients sporadic stem cells stereocilia stereopsis strabismus stria vascularis striate cortex striatum (neostriatum)striola subarachnoid space substance P substantia nigra subthalamic nucleus sulci (singular, sulcus)summation superior colliculus suprachiasmatic nucleus Sylvian fissure sympathetic nervous system synapse synaptic cleft synaptic depression synaptic vesicle recycling synaptic vesicles syncytium

U

undershoot upper motor neuron upper motor neuron syndrome utricle

W

Wallerian degeneration Wernicke’s aphasia Wernicke’s area white matter working memory

A # A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Terms total # 728

Permanent link Neuroscience - Modification date 2021-09-19 - Creation date 2021-05-02